天黑的時候，星星就會出現!: 11月 2016

系統更新:

yum update && yum upgrade

CentOS 7 修改統自動產生的網卡名稱:代號(網路代號依個人習慣,不一定要修改):

vi /etc/default/grub

在 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 最後加上 net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0

產生新的 grub 設定檔:

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

把 ifcfg-enoxxx 改成 ifcfg-eth0:

mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enoxxxxxxxx /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

修改網路卡代號:

sed -i 's/enoxxxxxxxx/eth0/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

重新開機:

reboot

關閉系統防火牆:

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

關閉 selinux:

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

修改:

SELINUX=enforcing

SELINUX=disabled

修改網路設定:

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.1.252

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.1.254

DEFROUTE=yes

NAME=eth0

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8

nameserver 192.168.1.252

domain tw.company

search tw.company

vi /etc/hostname

centos7-ad.tw.company

vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.252 centos7-ad.tw.company centos7-ad

關閉 IPv6:

vi /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf

net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1

net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1

新增 Samba 路徑參數檔到系統內:

vi /etc/profile.d/samba-path.sh

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/samba/bin:/usr/local/samba/sbin

修改新增 sudoers 權限:

vi /etc/sudoers

新增下列:

Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/samba/bin:/usr/local/samba/sbin

重新開機:

reboot

安裝所需套件:

yum install perl gcc attr libacl-devel libblkid-devel gnutls-devel readline-devel python-devel gdb pkgconfig \

krb5-workstation zlib-devel setroubleshoot-server libaio-devel setroubleshoot-plugins policycoreutils-python \

libsemanage-python perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Parse-Yapp perl-Test-Base popt-devel libxml2-devel libattr-devel \

keyutils-libs-devel cups-devel bind-utils libxslt docbook-style-xsl openldap-devel autoconf python-crypto pam-devel ntp

下載 Samba source 檔安裝:

cd /usr/local/src

wget https://www.samba.org/samba/ftp/samba-latest.tar.gz

tar xvf samba-latest.tar.gz

./configure

compile 過程順利時,即可安裝:

make

make install

reboot

Samba DC 加入已存在的網域(確認DNS IP 指向第一台 PDC):

安裝 BIND DNS 套件:

yum install bind

備份 smb.conf 設定檔(建立或加入網域需先移除 smb.conf 設定檔):

mv /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf /usr/local/samba/etc/smb.conf.roig

samba-tool domain join tw.company DC -U"TW\administrator" --dns-backend=BIND9_DLZ

(相容 Windows AD DNS,如果最初設定時,選錯 DNS 支援類型,可用 samba_upgradedns --dns-backend=BIND9_DLZ 變更)

或開始建置 Samba AD 新網域(確認DNS IP 指向本機):

Samba DNS backend 預設採用 SAMBA_INTERNAL,如要採用 BIND9_DLZ 需再安裝 bind,

(BIND9_DLZ 相容 Windows AD DNS, SAMBA_INTERNAL 功能較陽春無法動態更新DNS記錄):

yum install bind

啟動 named 服務:

systemctl enable named.service

systemctl start named.service

建置 DC 網域:

samba-tool domain provision --use-rfc2307 --use-xattrs=yes --function-level=2008_R2 --interactive

Realm: TW.COMPANY

Domain [TW]: TW

Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc

DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: BIND9_DLZ

Administrator password: 夠複雜的密碼(至少要8位元含特殊符號)

Retype password: 再確認密碼

DNS forwarder IP address (write ‘none’ to disable forwarding) [192.168.1.252]: 8.8.8.8 168.95.1.1 8.8.4.4

或者:

samba-tool domain provision --realm=tw.company --domain=tw --adminpass=夠複雜的密碼 --server-role=dc --dns-backend=BIND9_DLZ

PS:密碼至需8個字元,夠複雜,在這如果設定失敗,需刪除已產生的 smb.conf 才能再重新設定。

網域成功建置訊息:

Realm [TW.COMPANY]: TW.COMPANY

Domain [TW]: TW

Server Role (dc, member, standalone) [dc]: dc

DNS backend (SAMBA_INTERNAL, BIND9_FLATFILE, BIND9_DLZ, NONE) [SAMBA_INTERNAL]: BIND9_DLZ

Administrator password:

Retype password:

Looking up IPv4 addresses

Looking up IPv6 addresses

No IPv6 address will be assigned

Setting up secrets.ldb

Setting up the registry

Setting up the privileges database

Setting up idmap db

Setting up SAM db

Setting up sam.ldb partitions and settings

Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE

Pre-loading the Samba 4 and AD schema

Adding DomainDN: DC=tw,DC=company

Adding configuration container

Setting up sam.ldb schema

Setting up sam.ldb configuration data

Setting up display specifiers

Modifying display specifiers

Adding users container

Modifying users container

Adding computers container

Modifying computers container

Setting up sam.ldb data

Setting up well known security principals

Setting up sam.ldb users and groups

Setting up self join

Adding DNS accounts

Creating CN=MicrosoftDNS,CN=System,DC=tw,DC=company

Creating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions

Populating DomainDnsZones and ForestDnsZones partitions

See /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf for an example configuration include file for BIND

and /usr/local/samba/private/named.txt for further documentation required for secure DNS upda

Setting up sam.ldb rootDSE marking as synchronized

Fixing provision GUIDs

A Kerberos configuration suitable for Samba 4 has been generated at /usr/local/samba/private/

Setting up fake yp server settings

Once the above files are installed, your Samba4 server will be ready to use

Server Role: active directory domain controller

Hostname: centos7-ad

NetBIOS Domain: TW

DNS Domain: tw.company

DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2798485062-3178217977-1919772479

確認 AD DNS ZONE 對應到對的版本:

named -V

cat /usr/local/samba/private/named.conf

Samba 的 smb.conf 設定值:

利用 testparm 取得建議的 smb.conf 檔設定值:

[global]

netbios name = CENTOS7-AD

realm = TW.COMPANY

server services = s3fs, rpc, nbt, wrepl, ldap, cldap, kdc, drepl, winbindd, ntp_signd, kcc, dnsupdate

workgroup = TW

passdb backend = samba_dsdb

server role = active directory domain controller

rpc_server:tcpip = no

rpc_daemon:spoolssd = embedded

rpc_server:spoolss = embedded

rpc_server:winreg = embedded

rpc_server:ntsvcs = embedded

rpc_server:eventlog = embedded

rpc_server:srvsvc = embedded

rpc_server:svcctl = embedded

rpc_server:default = external

winbindd:use external pipes = true

idmap_ldb:use rfc2307 = yes

idmap config * : backend = tdb

map archive = No

map readonly = no

store dos attributes = Yes

vfs objects = dfs_samba4 acl_xattr

log file = /var/log/samba/samba.log

max log size = 100000

[netlogon]

path = /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol/tw.company/scripts

read only = No

[sysvol]

path = /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol

read only = No

修改 named.conf:

acl "LocalIP" { 192.168.1.0./24; 192.168.60.0/24; 192.168.70.0/24; 172.16.10.0/24; 127.0.0.1; };

options {

//listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };

listen-on port 53 { any; };

//listen-on-v6 port 53 { none; }; //disable IPv6 and modify /etc/sysconfig/named, append line: OPTIONS="-4"

directory "/var/named";

dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";

statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";

memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";

forwarders {

8.8.8.8;

8.8.4.4;
168.95.1.1;

};

forward first;

listen-on {

LocalIP;

};

allow-recursion { LocalIP; };

allow-update { LocalIP; };

allow-query { LocalIP; };

allow-transfer { LocalIP; };

dnssec-enable no;

dnssec-validation no;

tkey-gssapi-keytab "/usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab";

auth-nxdomain yes;

empty-zones-enable no;

/* Path to ISC DLV key */

bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";

managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";

pid-file "/run/named/named.pid";

session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key";

};

logging {

channel Named_log {

file "data/named.run";

severity dynamic;

print-severity yes;

print-time yes;

};

channel Default_log {

file "data/default.log";

severity dynamic;

print-severity yes;

print-time yes;

};

channel Query_log {

file "data/query.log";

severity dynamic;

print-severity yes;

print-time yes;

};

category xfer-out { Named_log; };

category default { Default_log; };

category queries { Query_log; };

};

zone "." IN {

type hint;

file "named.ca";

};

include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";

include "/etc/named.root.key";

include "/usr/local/samba/private/named.conf";

修改 keytab 檔案權限讓 bind 可以用其來動態更新 zone:

chgrp named /usr/local/samba/private

chgrp named /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab

chmod g+r /usr/local/samba/private/dns.keytab

重啟 named 服務:

systemctl restart named.service

確認 DNS 主機 IP:

(加入已存在的網域第一順位 DNS IP 指向 PDC。建置新的 DC 網域第一順位 DNS IP 指向本機。如此 DNS 動態更新記錄才能正確同步。)

vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.1.253

nameserver 192.168.1.252

#domain tw.company

search tw.company

如有修改需重啟網路服務:

systemctl restart network.service

系統時間校正:

ntpdate -B time.stdtime.gov.tw

連結 kerberos 設定檔到 /etc 下:

mv /etc/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf.orig

ln -sf /usr/local/samba/private/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf

啟動 samba:

# samba start

測試是否可看到 Samba 預設的 netlogon 和 sysvol 資料夾:

smbclient -L localhost -U%

smbclient //localhost/netlogon -UAdministrator -c 'ls'

測試 DNS 設定(下列三項測試過了,表示正常加入 DC):

host -t SRV _ldap._tcp.tw.company (tcp port 可看到 DC Server 表示正確)

host -t SRV _kerberos._udp.tw.company (udp port 可看到 DC Server 表示正確)

host -t A centos7-ad.tw.company

測試 krb5.conf 設定是否正確:

kinit administrator@TW.COMPANY (Domain 一定要大寫)

輸入 administrator 密碼

如出現密碼會過期,可修改讓 administrator 帳號的密碼不能過期:

設定 administrator 密碼不會過期:

samba-tool user setexpiry administrator --noexpiry

輸入 klist -e 可看到下列資訊表示正確認證:

Valid starting Expires Service principal

11/07/2016 09:41:47 11/07/2016 19:41:47 krbtgt/TW.COMPANY@TW.COMPANY

renew until 11/08/2016 09:41:42

到此如果一切正常,表示已經完成 Samba AD DC 環境建置。

將 centos7-ad 增加到反解區域:

增加反解析區域:

samba-tool dns zonecreate centos7-ad.tw.company 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa

將 DC 的 PTR 加入反解區域:

samba-tool dns add centos7-ad.tw.company 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa 252 PTR centos7-ad.tw.company

測試 DNS 動態更新:

samba_dnsupdate --verbose

samba_dnsupdate --verbose --all-name

無錯誤訊息可正常 update dns 記錄及從 PDC 同步 dns 記錄表示設定正確。

設定開機啟動 Samba DC Script:

vi /etc/init.d/samba4

#!/bin/bash

# Source function library.

. /etc/init.d/functions

# Source networking configuration.

. /etc/sysconfig/network

prog=samba

prog_dir=/usr/local/samba/sbin/

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog

start() {

[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 1

# [ -x /usr/sbin/ntpd ] || exit 5

# Start daemons.

echo -n $"Starting samba4: "

daemon $prog_dir/$prog -D

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile

return $RETVAL

}

stop() {

[ "$EUID" != "0" ] && exit 4

echo -n $"Shutting down samba4: "

killproc $prog_dir/$prog

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile

return $RETVAL

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

status)

status $prog

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

reload)

echo "Not implemented yet."

exit 3

;;

echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload}"

exit 2

esac

建立啟動連結到 /etc/rc3.d/ ：

ln -sf /etc/init.d/samba4 /etc/rc3.d/S80samba4 (數字越大,越晚啟動)

發現小問題(UBUNTU AD 無此問題),有可能是建立【啟動連結檔】時給的數字太大,太晚啟動所影響(目前改用 UBUNTU 系統,留待有機會再測試)。

備註以後參考用(此為 UBUNTU 系統設定方式):
如果 B 服務要 A 服務先啟動時才能正常啟動
第一個數字愈大，代表開機時愈晚被啟動
第二個數字愈大，代表關機時愈晚被關閉
通常會把這二個數字設計成加起來等於 100
# update-rc.d -f A defaults 80 20
# update-rc.d -f B defaults 90 10

CentOS 7 平台在 SAMBA DC 主機重新開機啟動後,做 samba-tool --verbose --all-name 更新測試,發現 AD DNS 功能似乎尚未完全讀取 AD ZONE 的資訊,造成 AD DNS 功能無法正常運作。

解決方式:

chmod +x /etc/rc.local

vi /etc/rc.local

加入:

sleep 30 #延遲 30 秒

today=`date | awk '{print $2$3}'`

errorMsg=`grep 'Failed DNS update' /var/log/messages | awk '{print $1$2}' | grep "$today" | tail -n 1`

if [ "${today}" == "${errorMsg}" ]; then

systemctl restart named.service

讓系統重新開機完成後,可以再重新啟動一次 DNS Server

重要:

不同平台( Windows、Linux ) 同步 GPO、Script 需注意同步後的資料夾、檔案權限。

資料夾、檔案權限錯誤,將造成 GPO 損壞無法使用。

目前發現,每次調整、修改GPO後用 samba-tool ntacl sysvolcheck 檢查都會出現錯誤,必須用 samba-tool ntacl sysvolreset 重設一次權限就恢復正常了。

SYSVOL GPO、Scripts 資料夾抄寫同步:

Linux --> Linux 可用 rsync:

在 PDC(主要 DC 伺服器):

安裝 xinetd:

apt-get install xinetd

新增 rsync 啟動檔:

vi /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

內容:

service rsync

{

disable = no

only_from = 192.168.1.0/24

socket_type = stream

wait = no

user = root

server = /usr/bin/rsync

server_args = --daemon

log_on_failure += USERID

}

建立 rsyncd.conf 設定檔:

vi /etc/rsyncd.conf

內容:
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log

[SysVol]

path = /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol/

comment = Samba Sysvol Share

uid = root

gid = root

read only = yes

auth users = sysvol-replication

secrets file = /usr/local/samba/etc/rsyncd.secret

建立 rsync 密碼檔:

vi /usr/local/samba/etc/rsyncd.secret

sysvol-replication:pa$$w0rd

chmod 600 /usr/local/samba/etc/rsyncd.secret

註 :如不想使用密碼檔方式,也可使用 SSH 金鑰建立免密碼的連線同步資料

重啟 xinetd 服務:

systemctl restart xinetd.service

在其他 Linux DC 伺服器上建立 rsync 密碼檔,以方便排程時不用每次入密碼:

確認是否有 rsync 套件,沒有則安裝: yum install rsync

vi /usr/local/samba/etc/rsync-sysvol.secret

pa$$w0rd (與 rsync Server 相同)

測試同步指令是否能正常運作:

--dry-run 不實際執行傳送,只顯示將會有的傳輸動作

-delete-after 讓檔案傳送後,再執行刪除檔案動作

--password-file=PASSWORD_FILE 從檔案讀取與遠端rsync伺服器連結的密碼

--delete 刪除傳送端已經不存在，而目的端存在的檔案

-A --acls 保留 ACL 權限

-X --xattrs 保留額外的檔案屬性

-a --archive archive mode 權限保存模式,相當於 -rlptgoD 參數

-p --perms 保留檔案權限

-q --quiet 安靜模式，幾乎沒有訊息產生。常用在以 cron 執行 rsync

-r --recursive 對子目錄以遞迴模式處理

-u --update 僅僅進行更新，也就是略過所有已經存在於目的端，且文件時間比要備份的檔案為新。（不覆蓋較新的文件）

-v --verbose 複雜的輸出訊息

-z --compress 壓縮模式,當資料在傳送到目的端進行檔案壓縮

-o --owner 保留檔案擁有者資訊（root only）

-g --group 保留檔案所屬群組資訊

-D --devices 保留設備檔案資訊（root only）

-t --times 保留檔案時間資訊

測試 rsync 同步指令參數:

rsync --dry-run -XAavrz --delete-after --password-file=/usr/local/samba/etc/rsync-sysvol.secret rsync://sysvol-replication@(主PDC_IP)/SysVol/ /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol/

排程執行同步:

*/15 * * * * rsync -XAaqruz --delete-after --password-file=/usr/local/samba/etc/rsync-sysvol.secret rsync://sysvol-replication@(主PDC_IP)/SysVol/ /usr/local/samba/var/locks/sysvol/

Linux --> Windows 可用 Robocopy:

新增一個工作排程: